Uterine isthmocele : diagnostic methods and treatments
Abstract
The uterine isthmocele is a myometrial defect resembling a pouch on the anterior wall of the uterine isthmus over a previous cesarean scar . in general Most of the isthmoceles are asymptomatc but There are an increase in consequences and symptoms related to this defect like menorrhagia, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, cesarean scar pregnancy and secondary infertility . Therefore, it is so important to establish an appropriate methods for diagnose and management of the uterine niche . Cesarean scar defect can be diagnosed with two- or three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography, as well as two- and three-dimensional nohysterography , hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment should be offered according to the presence of symptoms, secondary infertility, defect size, and plans for childbearing.The defect can be minimally invasively repaired with sparing techniques by hysteroscopy for small defects, and by vaginal approach, laparoscopy, and combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy for larger defects . The aim of this study is to analyze and describe the Diagnostic methods and treatments of cesarean section niche.
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