تأثير بعض المعاملات الزراعية على نسبة الشمرخة في الشوندر السكري (Beta vulgaris L.) ومدى تأثير الشمرخة على وزن الجذور ونوعيته
Abstract
نفذ البحث في مركز البحوث العلمية الزراعية بحماة خلال الموسم الزراعي 2009/2010 بهدف دراسة تأثير الصنف وموعد الزراعة وكمية السماد الآزوتي على نسبة الشمرخة في الشوندر السكري ومدى تأثيرها على وزن الجذر ونوعيته. بينت النتائج ازدياد نسبة الشمرخة في موعد الزراعة المبكر (1/10) وتراوحت هذه النسبة بين 6.53% في الصنف سيمبر (وحيد الجنين) إلى 17.14% في الصنفHM10 (متعدد الأجنة). كما ارتفعت نسبة الشمرخة في نباتات الشوندر السكري عند الزيادة في كمية السماد الآزوتي المضافة بالمقارنة مع التسميد بكميات معتدلة حيث بلغت النسبة 26.48% عند مستوى التسميد العالي (250 كغ N/هـ) للصنفHM10 و16.01% للصنف سيمبر عند زراعتهما مبكراً في 1/10. وقد انعدمت ظاهرة الشمرخة في موعد الزراعة المتأخر(1/11), أما بالنسبة لمتوسط وزن الجذر فقد انخفض في النباتات المتشمرخة بنسبة 38.03% لدى الصنف HM10 و44.47% لدى الصنف سيمبر في الموعد المبكر للزراعة (1/10). وخلصت الدراسة إلى ضرورة التقيد بزراعة الشوندر السكري بعد تاريخ 1/10 للهروب من ظاهرة الشمرخة, مع عدم المبالغة بالتسميد الآزوتي لأكثر من 200 كغ/هـ.
The research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center of Hama during the agricultural season 2009/2010 in order to study the effect of variety, planting date and the amount of nitrogen fertilization on the phenomenon of bolting in sugar beet and its impact on root weight and its quality. The Results showed increasing the ratio of bolting in the early planting (1/10) and this ratio ranged from 6.53% in Simper (Mono germ) to 17.14% in HM10 (Multi germ). Bolting percentage in sugar beet was increased when increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer as compared with moderate fertilization where the ratio of bolting was 26.48% at high level of nitrogen (250Kg N/ha) at the time of early planting for HM10 and 16.01% in Simper. The root weight decreased in the bolting plants by 38.03% in the early planting date (1/10) in HM10 variety and 44.47% for Simper variety. The study has led to necessary commitment of planting sugar beet after the date 15/10 to escap bolting phenomenon and has not done high nitrogen more than 200Kg N/ha.
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